The first of Jesus’ signs is not some uninterpretable transmogrification of water to wine, the purpose being to refute the expectation of total abstinence from liquor. It was a beautiful and fitting first glimpse of the coming Messiah. John’s story is loaded with symbolism indicating that God has become flesh in Him to purify mankind, with the curious sensation that “something is afoot” with this man from Galilee.
According to Jewish wedding tradition, the bridegroom and his family were obligated to provide the wedding feast, including the wine. To fail in this feast was a terrible social mistake – an embarassment on the family so grievous that it even made the family liable to lawsuits from the bride’s family.
Thus, at the wedding in Cana, the when they ran out of wine, the bridegroom and his family were in danger. When Jesus provided sufficient wine, he satisfied the legal obligations of the bridegroom and saved the family’s honor. The wedding was saved from total disaster.
It seems to me that Christ, in doing this, was indicating that he would do the very same thing for his own wedding feast, the Marriage Supper of the Lamb. He came to earth to restore his people to God as a wandered woman to her husband (read Hosea) and marry her as his own. In some cosmic sense, the whole messianic mission that Christ began with this miracle was to provide wine for His wedding feast.
I will venture that providing the wine required by law is symbolically equivalent to providing the blood required for the atonement of sins. Consider how intricately linked is the symbolism between blood and wine, throughout scripture. “This is my blood, given for you” (Matthew 26:28). This symbolism is the basis of one of the greatest sacraments given to the church, the eucharist/Lord’s Supper (the name depends on your denominational camp). Blood and wine are interchangeable here. Now in heaven there was a price to be paid by the bridegroom for his bride (God for his people) and there suddenly appeared a great lack. The law demanded “more blood!”, just as it demanded the wine in Cana. “Insufficient!” The honor of this God who intended to draw humanity back into his holy arms was in danger. Thus Christ provided this blood and saved the honor of God in the eyes of his own justice. Do you see the parallel?
The means of his providing it also shows a majestic picture of the incarnation. For consider that it was in pots of ceremonial cleansing that the servants poured the water which became wine. How were we to be purified, made holy and cleansed before God? Not through water alone, as had been done in the Old Testament covenant, but through wine—through atoning blood. What is the difference between blood and water? Blood contains living cells—it is the life of the being contained in water, if you will. Perhaps the spirit is saying this: Our atonement could be achieved not through mere water, until real flesh and blood and life entered this water. Without the substance of real incarnated life, our purification was incomplete. “For the life of a creature is in the blood, and I have given it to you to make atonement for yourselves on the altar; it is the blood that makes atonement for one’s life” (Leviticus 17:11). It was Christ’s becoming man – his incarnation, his adoption of a human life with human blood, that satisfied the debt incurred by our for our sinful blood.
So what did the miracle at Cana say? Can you here God speaking through the scripture, “There is a price to be paid for the union of God and man, and my son Jesus Christ will provide it, through his taking on human blood, to complete the life-for-life exchange that mere water pots could never fulfill?”
Praise be to God, who through this first sign of Christ’s ministry is already peeling back the revelation of the beauty of His Son crucified for the sins of the world!