At the Jireh coffeehouse last night, a cluster of us Christians got into some meaty speculation on the nature of man and what it means to be a person. We postulated that having a soul was comprised of the mind, will, emotions, and that a soul was a necessary, defining characteristic of being a person. “The soul is the seat of the identity,” someone suggested. However, this got us into a pickle.
Are thinking, feeling and choosing necessary functions of personhood? Can you be a person without them?
If one is a person only to the extent that he possesses a soul, i.e. the functions of mind, will and emotion, then our idea of personhood is narrowed. For example, is a human who doesn’t have a sentient mind (braindead patient, severe paranoid schizophrenic, or prenatal infant) still a person? An evangelical has to say, “Yes, he is still a person,” otherwise we would have to radically modify our stance on abortion, euthanasia, and “the sanctity of human life” generally.
So maybe it is possible to be a person and not have a soul (as we have defined it). On what basis do we define personhood, then? Well, we can go with the materialists and say that we are simply bodies, that supernatural concepts are simply smoke from the fire of the high-level survival instincts running in our frontal lobe. But if we believe there’s more to me than matter, where does that leave us?
We have to conclude that there is a distinctive element of the self that is not comprised of the mind, will, emotions, or body. It transcends these and exists even when they cease. That’s why Christians believe in the “sanctity of human life” and claim that every person is created in the image of God. The typical name for this isspirit. It’s been said that a person “is a spirit that has a soul and lives in a body.” That’s the trichotomist (3-Part) view of man.
What this means is there is more to my identity than my self-awareness. There is an essence of me that is created, sustained, and destined by God, which my thinking, feeling and choosing do not cause. If I were the ultimate determiner of my reality and my fate, then my soul (mind, will, emotions) would be the apex of my identity. But what if God is the ultimate determiner of who I am and who I become? God is not only sovereign over my circumstances, he is sovereign over my essence.
So, by discovery of the existence of a human “spirit,” we again encounter the supreme domain of God, and we face the age-old decision, whether we will rejoice in his rule or resent him for it.